~고 싶어요, I want to

I want to ~ in Korean is ~고 싶어요. The underlined part is a little tricky at first because how the verb changes, but you will learn how it works over time.

Korean verbs have two parts in a word; it start with meaning of the action and ends with how it is applied.
For example, 다녀오다 means "go and return".

다녀오세요: please go and return
다녀오셨어요: did you go and return?
다녀오겠습니다: I will go and return.
다녀왔습니다: I went and returned.

To say you want to do something, you can use "~고 싶어요" and put the meaning part of a verb in "~".

한국 음식(food) 먹(eat)고 싶어요
: I want to eat korean food.

학교(school) 가(go)고 싶어요
: I want to go school

보(see)고 싶어요
: I want to see

게임하(play game)고 싶어요
: I want to play game

https://quizlet.com/_1xf1c4

주세요: Give me

When you ask something to be given, you can use "주세요". "주다" means give and adding "세요" makes it to be suggestion or asking.

- 사과(apple) 주세요.
: Give me apple

- 밥(rice) 주세요.
: Give me rice (often rice could mean food/meal).

It's 반말(casual) form is "줘"

- 사과 줘
: Give me apple.

- 밥 줘
:  Give me rice.

Sometimes, you can be in a situation where you need to use casual form but want to be nice. You can add "좀" before "줘" to make it nicer - it's somewhat similar to add "please" in english.
- 사과 좀 줘.
- 밥 좀 줘.
It's okay use "좀" in polite form, but it has less impact, as polite form is already polite.

https://quizlet.com/_1xer6g

있어요/없어요 (exist,have)

When you want to say you have something, or there is something, you can use "있어요" and its negation is "없어요".

• 있어요

있어요 means something exists. The item in question can just simply exist or it can exist to you -- i.e. you have something. Let's look at a few examples first.

1) 저기(there) 사과(apple)가 있어요(exist)
: There is apple (you don't know if it's an apple or apples)

2) 저(I) 사과(apple) 있어요(have).
: I have apple.

3) 사과(apple) 있어요(have/exist).
: There's apple / I have apple.

For somethings, it's more likely that you have something just because the property.
4) 시간 있어요.
: I have time.

To ask, you simply add a question mark and raise the end if you're speaking.

사과 있어요? : Is there apple? Do you have apple?
시간 있어요? : Do you have time?

• 없어요

Likewise, 없어요 means something does not exist. The item in question may not or you don't have it.

1) 저기(there) 사과(apple)가 없어요(does not exist)
: There is no apple.

2) 저(I) 사과(apple) 없어요(do not have).
: I don't have apple.

3) 사과(apple) 없어요(have/exist).
: There's no apple / I have no apple.

4) 시간 없어요.
: I don't have have time.

To ask, you simply add a question mark and raise the end if you're speaking.

사과 없어요? : Is there no apple? Do you not have apple?

시간 없어요? : Do you not have time?

https://quizlet.com/_1x3tsp

Topic marker: 은/는

We learned about subject marker 이/가 and object marker 을/를. Examples are

1. 제프가 닭볶음을 먹었어요(ate).

Sometimes, we want to emphasize the subject or the object. In such situation, we can use a topic marker, 은 or 는. Like the other markers, "은" comes after words with 받침, "는" comes after words without 받침.

The sentence 1 means Jeff ate 닭볶음. Let's add more to the situation. There were Hyo and Jeff, and they both were supposed to eat 닭볶음, but only Jeff did. Later mom comes and asks if both ate. Then someone who saw that will tell mom

제프는 먹었어요.

This sentence emphasizes that it was Jeff who ate. (not Hyo)

Let's change the situation slightly. There were 닭볶음 and 미역(seaweed)국(soup) to eat. And Jeff only ate 닭볶음, not 미역국. And mom comes later and asks if he ate both. Then she will hear the following answer:

닭볶음은 먹었어요.

Again, it emphasizes that it was 닭볶음 what he ate.

https://quizlet.com/_1wwynz

Review 1

The following dialogue is made out of what we have learned this week. Let's translate and memorize.

A: 잘 먹겠습니다.

B: 맛있게 드세요.

A: 이거 뭐예요?

B: 닭볶음이에요.

A: 닭볶음이 맛있어요. 저거 김치찌개예요?

B: 그거 김치찌개 아니에요. 된장찌개예요. 된장찌개가 맛없어요. 닭볶음을 드세요.

A: 잘 먹었습니다.

https://quizlet.com/_1wx0xl

Object marker - 을 / 를

Object marker - 을 / 를

Similarly, object needs an object marker. There are two object markers; 을 and 를.

• ~을

제프는 닭볶음을 먹었어요(ate). : Jeff ate dakbokkum.

When the object has a 받침, like 닭볶음, "을" is added to the end to mark that the word is the object of the sentence.

• 를

효정이는 사과(apple)를 먹었어요(ate). : Hyojeong ate an apple.

Likewise, when the object does not have a 받침, like 사과, "를" is added to the end to mark that the word is the object of the sentence.

A helpful tip for picking the right marker: when there's a 받침, the following marker's 초성(starting consonant) is "ㅇ" which is silent.

- 선생님이
- 닭볶음을

- 엄마가
- 사과를

https://quizlet.com/_1w68as

subject markers and object markers - 이/가 and 을/를

Subject marker - 이 / 가

In Korean, subject is often omitted and word reordering is not too uncommon. When a subject is not omitted, it brings a marker to show that it is a subject. There are two subject markers; 이 and 가. What to use is decided by the ending consonant of the preceding word.

• ~가

엄마(mom)가 왔어요(came): Mom came.

엄마, the subject and the preceding word, does not have 받침(the ending consonant). In that case 가 is added to the word "엄마" to mark that the word "엄마" is the subject of the sentence.

• ~이

 책(book)이 좋아요(good): The book is good.

책, on the other hand, has 받침. In that case, "이" is added to the word "책" to mark that "책" is the subject of the sentence.

• ~이가

There is an exception in choosing between 이/가. In colloquial sentences, when the subject is name of a person and has a 받침, we use "이가" instead of "이".


제프가 왔어요.
준하가 왔어요.
효정이가 왔어요. (instead of 효정이 왔어요.)
민정이가 왔어요.
민용이가 왔어요.

This exception only applies when the subject is a person's name.

선생님(teacher)이 왔어요 (O)
선생님이가 왔어요 (X)

https://quizlet.com/_1w65pw